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Stars of Europe (sterren van Europa) |
Het kunstwerk Stars of Europe is gelegen op de rotonde aan het zuidelijke einde van de Avenue Céramique. Op deze rotonde komen met de klok mee nog vier straten samen: het Boschlunet, de Renier Nafzgerstraat, de Heugemerweg/Limburglaan en het Serpentilunet. De locatie heeft voor zover ik weet geen officiële naam, al wordt wel gesproken van de Europa-rotonde of Eurotonde.
Stars of Europe is het uitvloeisel van een gezamenlijk
initiatief van de Provincie Limburg en de Gemeente Maastricht. Deze
wilden het tienjarig bestaan van het Verdrag van Maastricht (1991)
op enigerlei wijze herdenken. Dat leidde in 2001 tot het verlenen
van een opdracht
aan – uiteindelijk – de jonge Italiaanse kunstenares
Maura
Biava
(Reggio Emilia, 1970), die in 1999 afstudeerde aan de Rijksacademie
te Amsterdam en in Nederland haar carrière voortzette.
Uiteindelijk zagen de opdrachtgevers toch liever een
tastbaar kunstwerk,
waarin dan een aantal van de virtuele bijdragen zouden moeten
verwerkt. Dat leidde tot het concept van Stars of Europe, dat
op 7 februari 2002 - exact tien jaar na het ondertekenen
van het verdrag - als kunstwerk werd onthuld door de voormalige
minister van Buitenlandse Zaken Hans van den Broek.
Stars of Europe
is door de vormgeving en uitvoering een bijzonder kunstwerk. Ruby
van den Munckhof maakte voor haar sterren gebruik van aluminium dat
was bewerkt met explosieve. Deze toen gloednieuwe ontwikkeling in
de wereld van de metaalbewerking was een uitvinding van het bedrijf
Van Campen Aluminium (nu: 3D-Metal Forming, Lelystad) en heeft
inmiddels brede toepassing gevonden (bv. ‘ongelaste’ en daardoor
zeer sterke Airbuscompartimenten!).
De sterren werden gemaakt van 1,5 mm Alcan J57S aluminium en in een
mal
in een waterbad met explosieve in vorm gebracht. De palen kregen
een conventioneler behandeling. Elke paal werd in één kleur in
graffitistijl beschilderd met een citaat van Biava’s internetsite.
Er zijn meerdere kleuren gebruikt voor het geheel. |
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Opening | 's Avonds | s' Winters |
Conclusie: Stars of Europe is geënt op een (internet)concept van Maura Biava. Het concept van het 'tastbare' kunstwerk is mogelijk ook van haar, of een co-productie van Biava en Van den Munckhof. Het technisch ontwerp en de keuze voor de wijze van uitvoering zijn van Ruby van den Munckhof. De technische uitvoering was in handen van een werkmaatschappij van Van Campen Aluminium, nu 3D-Metal Forming geheten. Stars of Europe bestaat uit 35 sterren: 12 grote en 23 kleine, die tezamen de economische (en deels bestuurlijke) eenwording van Europa symboliseren.
Aangezien noch de Stadsbibliotheek Maastricht, noch de Gemeente
Maastricht of het Gouvernement enig idee had om welke teksten het
gaat, heb ik mij (Ingrid
M.H. Evers)
tot Maura Biava gewend. Zij stuurde mij de onderstaande citaten en
schrijft: |
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1 'The shared culture we have is the culture of the cities. I mean, it strikes me that Europe is essentially a constellation of cities which no other place on earth, no other civilization, not even the United States, has ever known. When you come to Europe, what strikes you immediately is the great diversity of all the cities, each one with its historical moment of grandeur, it’s historical past being engraved in stone and there to be admired, therefore, this is our sharing, this is what we have in common. We all of us have developed, and evolved from the cities, from the Italian cities and from the Flemish cities.'
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2 'A day will come when you, France, you, Russia, you, Italy, you, Germany, when all of you, all the nations of the continent, will inwardly be founded in a superior state of unity, yet without losing your particular qualities and your praiseworthy individual characteristic.'
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3 'European culture was been forged out of the complicated, contradictory synthesis of cultural plurality, the cultures of Hellenism, of Roman antiquity, of Hebraism, and that of Christianity.'
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4 'I see this united Europe as a place which, like a sort of organism, is going to form an outer skin around itself and within that outer skin, the present kind of skin which separates one nation state from another will suddenly become porous and they'll cease to matter. They are already becoming porous national boundaries, nation state frontiers are already fading away. The existing nation state is losing power, but power drains away in two directions - upwards to Brussels, or Strasbourg, or wherever it may be, but downwards also and that downwards movement is what interests me, because it’s going downwards to sub-nations and smaller units.'
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5 'Whatever kind of European you are, whatever kind of Europe you wish, remember the past while shaping the future.'
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6 'If I knew something that would be useful to myself, but detrimental to my family, I would cast it from my mind. If I knew something that was useful for to my family but detrimental to my country I would consider it criminal. If I knew something useful to Europe, but detrimental to humankind, I would also consider it a crime.'
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7 'Take the different states of Europe. In fact, we cannot find a pair who weren’t at war at one time or another. The French and the British, the Poles and Germans, and so on... So there is memory which is a prison, which is regressive. But, on the other hand, we cannot do without the cultivation of the memory of our cultural achievements, and also of our suffering This brings me to the second element. We need a memory of the second order which is based on forgiving. And we cannot forgive if we have forgotten.'
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11 'What is now happening is that cities are re-emerging, as it were, taking over from nations, and entering some sort of competition; I personally think this is good, quite sound and healthy, because it’s going to displace nations competition, which was so cruelly messy and bloody.'
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12 'If you draw a line from Porto in western Portugal to Leningrad, but certainly not to Moscow, you can go to something called a coffee-house, with newspapers from all over Europe, you can play chess, play dominoes, you can sit all day for the price of a cup of coffee or a glass of wine, talk, read, work.'
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13 'Europe’s task is not and no longer will be that of dominating the world, of spreading its idea of well-being and good, nor that of imposing or even imparting its own culture. The only sensible task for Europe in the next century is to be itself at its best, that is to say, to bring its best spiritual tradition back to life, thereby forging, in unity and creativity, a new way for the world to live in harmony.'
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14 'Erasmus was the first European to be aware of being European. He detested only one thing in the world: the opposite of reason, that is, fanaticism.'
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15 'There will be a leveling out of the historic cultural differences in the various European regions and countries, under the impact of technicalisation, computerization, and homogenization imposed by the bodies of the European Economic Community in Brussels.'
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16 'What we truly need is a militant humanism, a humanism that awakens to its own humanity, understanding how the principles of freedom, tolerance and uncertainty must not be devalued and defeated by an unashamed fanaticism.'
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17 'Europe’s spiritual, political and judicial foundations are multicultural in origin. These multicultural elements are based upon dialogue between majority and minority cultures.'
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18 'Sometimes identity resides in very small things. Instead of saying that the Western world was united by the sign of the handshake, I could actually, in the modern world, have said that it’s united by the suit, but I didn’t say the suit. It’s just that the idea of the handshake as a gesture of equality and alliance and friendship does seem to have begun in our part of the world. It was, of course, a sign of a pact, the joining of right hands, in Roman law. And it is in a way a symbol for Europe, because though it is offered in good faith, and has at times sealed pacts in good faith, it has also been tremendously betrayed.'
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19 'There is a marvelous remark by the German poet Rilke, that at the end of a good marriage one has to become the loving guardian of the other’s solitude. I would say that at the end of an historic crisis one must become the loving guardian of one’s own mistakes.'
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20 'A sliver of the Milky Way, solar system, the continent and a sparkle of the existence. We think awareness exists. We discover fire, electricity, the merry gods. In poetry, Europe is our home.'
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21 'Europe has produced a series of cultural identities, which brought with themselves their own self-criticism, and I think that this is unique. Even Christianity encompassed its own critique.'
Paul Ricoeur |
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Hans van den Broek
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Bron: website Maura Biava, MestreechOnline, Ingrid M.H. Evers Foto:MestreechterSteerke, krant Luc Hommes. |
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